Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease continues to grow, additional potential mechanisms linking the microbial biofilm to the disease process are being described. Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial disease characterized by an inflammation of the periodontal tissue mediated by the host, which is associated with dysbiotic. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases request pdf.
Occlusal considerations in pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The periodontal disease is conformed by a group of illnesses affecting the gums and dental. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is infection and inflammation of the periodontium the tissues that surround and support the teeth due to plaque bacteria and the hosts response to the bacterial insult. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases gingivitis and periodontitis are in. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid. Pdf the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis. Pathology of periodontal disease british dental association. The most common periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis, whose main characteristic is inflammation. Pdf on jul 21, 2018, muna s elburki published the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease find, read and cite all the research. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers.
Yet, we are in the midst of a major paradigm shift in periodontology. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease ebook. It is a powerful technique both in vivo and in vitro for dissecting out hereditary factors in disease pathogenesis, and future research efforts should be targeted toward exploiting this wellestablished methodology. In this paper, currently accepted concepts of the origin and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis are discussed. Aggressive periodontitis is a unique disease affecting the periodontium causing irreparable damage. The periodontal diseases reflect a spectrum of oral pathology from gingivitis gum inflammation to severe periodontitis progressive loss of gum attachment with alveolar bone and tooth loss. A current model of periodontal disease etiology and pathogenesis, that accommodates distinct properties of oral bacterial communities, along with protective and destructive aspects of host responses, is the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis psd model.
Its primary etiology is an illdefined series of microbial infections which may be composed of only some of the more than 300 species of bacteria currently recognized in the oral cavity. The functional and esthetic problems associated with these diseases compromise quality of life, and their treatment imposes large financial burdens on national health systems and private patients. Dumitrescu, etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Significance of occlusion in the etiology and treatment of. The etiology of oral malodor can be attributed to both systemic and oral conditions. Modern periodontal therapy is based on the fundamental realization that accumulation of bacterial plaque at the gingival margin causes the incipient lesion in periodontal disease. It is a stepbystep process that leads to the development of a disease, resulting in a series of changes in the structure and function.
We provide a historical overview of local and remote cause hypotheses and discuss some key reasons why the local cause hypothesis has become dominant. Introduction pathogenesis is defined as the origination and development of a disease. Some of the factors in the adult animal that play a major role in the development of periodontal diseases are discussed in this article, including overcrowding, malocclusions, diet, developmental defects, and metabolic and systemic disease. Examples of secondary causes are those things that, by definition, cause microbic plaque accumulation.
Uptodate knowledge of periodontal pathogenesis is therefore essential for the contemporary clinician. The nature of the biofilm enhances the component bacterias. The unequivocal role of dental bacterial plaque in the development of these diseases was established almost 40 years ago 37. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. However, nearly 85% of the cases originate from mouth due to tongue coating especially posterior third of the dorsal surface, periodontal disease, poor oral hygiene, infections, ulcerations, food. Such a revision could lead to considerably improved diagnostic cate gories if the disease definitions were dependent upon knowledge of the etiology and. Connections between the diseases in the periodontium and general health are described in detail. The field of anaerobic microbiology is arguably developed to its current level by periodontal researchers and our treatment strategies are based on our understanding of the infectious nature of the disease. Pdf the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It may be a manifestation of a systemic condition diabetes mellitus, collagen diseases, leukemia or other disorders of leukocyte function, anemia, or vitamin deficiency.
Analysis of domestic and foreign literature shows that the main clinical forms of periodontal disease is gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontal. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease ebook, 2010. Periodontal disease is the most common clinical dental abnormality occurring in adult dogs and cats. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium which is characterized by a progressive destruction of the tissues supporting the tooth. Our understanding of the causes of periodontal disease have two major competing paradigms. For many years, particularly in america, periodontitis was known as riggs disease.
This issue of period homogeneous disease but rather consists of a family ontology 2000 therefore attempts to capture a dy of closely related diseases each of which may vary namic image of periodontal disease that includes the somewhat in etiology, natural history and response web of communication, cell migration and cell func to therapy 8. The noxious effect of smoking has been shown to be dose dependent and to be particularly marked in younger individuals. Introduction plaque calculus other predisposing factors periodontal disease theories. Periodontal disease is a candidate risk factor that shares many of these related traits. The science of periodontology has yielded significant insights into this common disease of man. Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases national academic digital. The oral cavity supports a rich bacterial microflora, much of which thrives in plaque on tooth surfaces. Start studying lecture 4 etiology pathogenesis host response in periodontal disease. Inflammation is a physiological response of the innate immune system against several endogenous or exogenous stimuli. The identification of patients at greater risk for periodontal disease. The researches in this field are conducted on the regular and the. Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including porphyromonas gingivalis, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia and treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. The systemic impact and medical consequences of periodontal disease. This lesson will take you through the various stages, from the initial plaque deposits, to gingivitis and eventually periodontitis.
Although it is not possible to attribute the etiology of periodontal diseases to a specific bacterial agent, there. The last 10 to 15 years have seen the emergence of several important new findings and concepts regarding the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The current concept concerning the etiology of periodontal disease considers 3 groups of factors which determine whether active periodontal disease will occur. Oct 18, 2015 etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease pdf by alexandrina l. Pathophysiology of periodontal disease revise dental. If you have been told you have periodontal gum disease, youre not alone. The pathophysiology of periodontal disease is a complex and progressive process. Mar 17, 2021 pdf on jul 21, 2018, muna s elburki published the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Jan 18, 2018 hujoel pp, drangsholt m, spiekerman c, derouen ta. Periodontal disease, oral microbiology, periodontitis. The bacterial spectrum changes from grampositive, nonmobile, anaerobic cocci to.
Furthermore, susceptibility to periodontitis may be related to whether plasma cells predominate in the tissues of an individual or a site as result of the microbial. The biology, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal. Etiology and pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis galore. Biologic processes, including the characteristics of the bio. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease request pdf. J periodontol february 2014 aap centennial commentary. Conceptually, one may regard periodontal disease as a host microbial. Periodontal treatment protocol ptp for the general dental. Dec 12, 2014 pathogenesis of periodontal disease is strongly influenced by the interplay of hostparasite interaction as well as the host response to the irritating factor. Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a set of inflammatory conditions affecting. Periodontal disease and atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis. Current concepts in periodontal disease todays veterinary. In the 19th century, little was understood about the aetiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Theme 1 bacteria play a critical role in the etiology of periodontal disease niklaus p.
The knowledge of how immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses are regulated is fundamental to understanding the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontitis etiology, diagnosis, current and future therapy. Etiology and pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis. New knowledge of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. It is a progressive, cyclical inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth and is the main cause of dental disease and early tooth loss in dogs and cats. Dumitrescu etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease represents a new concept in periodontology with its pronounced focus on understanding through knowledge rather than presenting the present valid answers. The main etiological factor of periodontal disease is the bacteria, which are capable of activating the innate immune response of the host inducing an inflammatory. Introduction plaque calculus other predisposing factors periodontal disease theories references etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease veterinary periodontology wiley online library. Early histopathological observations described linear model of pathogenesis in periodontal disease. Gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis there is a wide variability in terms of progression in different subjectsindividuals.
The greater severity of periodontal destruction may be partly accounted for by the reported increases in the rate of periodontal disease progression. Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases biological concepts. The pathogenesis of periodontal diseases wiley online library. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease risk. Historical perspectives on theories of periodontal disease.
Dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm which causes chronic gingivitis and periodontitis. Veterinary periodontal disease introduction periodontal disease is the most common infectious disease of adult dogs. Periodontal disease pd is an inclusive term for the inflammatory condition of gingiva gingivitis andor periodontium periodontitis. The main etiologic factor of periodontal disease is bacteria which substantially harbor the human oral cavity. Principles of aetiology and pathogenesis governing the. Plaque is considered to be a monster to initiate mostly or a majority all the diseases affecting the gingival, periodontia or the tooth. Pdf models of periodontal pathogenesis semantic scholar. The etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases are rather complex, diverse, and have not been fully disclosed to date. Chronic adult periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. Periodontal disease an overview sciencedirect topics. The periodontal screening tools used in periodontal examination.
Introduction periodontal disease and dental caries are the most prevalent infections affecting the human dentition brown et al. Pathogenesis is the sequence of events leading to the occurrence of a disease. The emerging role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of. The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal. Suggests future treatment strategies for periodontal disease by improving the hosts ability to prevent colonisation or by eliminating the microbial species. Without interference, most lesions will progress to involve deeper parts of the periodontium. Periodontal disease is the numberone cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. In periodontology, the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis are related but tend to be described separately, and although the clinical and histological changes that occur are well known, the details of. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaque induced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. It is the process by which the etiologic factor causes the disease. Modern concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases pubmed. Highlights that periodontal disease is largely driven by the presence of plaque. The disease process progresses from gingivitis to periodontitis.
Sep 01, 1986 periodontal disease is the numberone cause of the early loss of teeth in dogs and cats. Studies on the microbiota associated with periodontal disease have. Dumitrescu published 2010 medicine etiology of periodontal disease. The two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Discusses the role of bacteria in the aetiology of periodontal disease. Request pdf etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases the two most prevalent and most investigated periodontal diseases are dental plaqueinduced gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. Lang until the middle of the 20th century, the views on etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease were based on deductive thinking, primarily the interpretation of clinical and microscopic observations by renowned teachers and academicians.
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